Condenser Microphone - Analysis and Buying Guide - 2022
When it comes to high-quality recording, a condenser microphone is an invaluable tool – and sometimes the only tool – you need other than your computer.
A condenser microphone has to meet your recording needs, but that doesn't mean you have to spend a fortune on an expensive model. Many affordable condenser microphones provide great quality and are easy to use. On the other hand, just because a microphone is designed for professionals doesn't mean it's not a good fit for you as well.
Different microphones record in different ways. Some are better for solo performances, while others do a great job of capturing multiple voices or sounds. Not all condenser microphones come with the same gear out of the box, which is another factor to consider.
At Real Indian, we strive to provide complete information so you can make informed purchases. This buying guide will help you find the best condenser microphone for your home or studio. If you're ready to buy a condenser microphone, check out our top picks in the product list above.
Why Buy a Condenser Microphone?
Condenser microphones capture sound with a thin metal diaphragm parallel to a metal plate. When sound waves hit the diaphragm, it vibrates, changing its distance from the metal plate. This alters the capacitance, which creates the electrical signal that is recorded by a computer.
For decades, condenser microphones have been the obvious choice in the recording studio, but what sets condenser microphones apart from dynamic ones?
Condenser Microphones
- More sensitive due to a flatter frequency response (responds well to a wider range of frequencies
- Record all sound (not so good in a cafe, but great in a studio)
- More natural sound in controlled environments (home or recording studio)
- Requires a Power Source
- Dynamic Microphones
- Lower Quality Audio
- Better for Picking up the Sound you want in Noisy Places
- Often do not Require a Power Source
- Less Expensive
Condenser Microphone Features to Consider
Before you buy a condenser microphone, you should know which features you don't need to pay extra for and which features you absolutely need. That depends on what you're recording and how (and where) you plan to use your microphone.
- Large or Small Diaphragm
As you may have guessed, large diaphragm condenser microphones are identified by their large diameter diaphragms. This results in a very different sound than small-diaphragm condenser microphones, although neither is better than the other.
Large-diaphragm microphones tend to capture a richer, fuller sound, making them a common choice for vocalists or solo musicians.
Small-diaphragm microphones capture accurate, more detailed sound.
- Exit
How does the audio come out of your microphone?
XLR is the common professional choice, and XLR adapters can be purchased for a 3.5mm or USB connection.
USB condenser microphones are becoming increasingly popular due to their ease of use. Since a USB connection powers the microphone, you don't have to worry about the power supply and can record directly into an audio program on your computer.
Mini (3.5mm) microphones tend to produce lower quality audio and require a power source. Combined, these factors make them less popular than USB or XLR microphones.
- Computer and Drivers
If you plan to record directly to your computer, you need to make sure your computer supports the microphone and has the proper drivers.
- Noise Figure
Because condenser microphones require a power source, there is an electrical current that runs through the wires inside the microphone. The current generates a small amount of noise (“self noise”) that can be picked up by the microphone. Self-noise is measured in A-weighted decibels (dB-A), with most microphones falling between 9 and 19 dB-A. In this case, a lower noise figure is better, but often comes at a higher price.
- Maximum SPL
The maximum sound pressure level (SPL) is the highest decibel level that a microphone can record without a drop in sound quality. Many condenser microphones record up to 120 dB or more. Consider what kind of recording you intend to do. If you only need a microphone for a spoken word podcast, the maximum SPL should't be too important a consideration for you. However, if you plan on recording drums, make sure your microphone can handle higher decibel sounds.
- Frequency Response Range
While it's important for a microphone to pick up a wide range of frequencies, what you really need to look for is what a microphone's frequency response curve is like. A flat frequency response indicates that the microphone is equally sensitive to high and low frequency sounds.
This is a good option for capturing instruments to produce a natural sound. If you only plan to record vocals, you may want a microphone that is more sensitive to different frequencies. Most microphone manufacturers indicate whether the frequency response range is appropriate for vocals.
- Pop Filter
Directional microphones, usually the choice for vocals, are susceptible to “pops,” a noise that results from sounds like “P” and “B,” which can hit the diaphragm with great force. Some microphones include a pop filter, a ring with a thin layer of mesh, to prevent this effect. If a pop filter isn't included, it doesn't cost much to buy one, and it's an accessory that can save you a lot of trouble.
- Directional or Omnidirectional
As you can imagine, neither type is superior to the other... each serves its own purpose.
Directional (or cardioid) microphones have sensitivity patterns that pick up sound from one or sometimes two directions. These microphones excel at blocking sound from other directions, making them ideal for recording vocals.
Omnidirectional microphones pick up sound equally from all directions. These microphones are ideal for recording multiple instruments at once.
- Standing
Not all microphones include a stand, an accessory that you. you probably will because holding a microphone can produce unwanted noise. There are several different types of supports.
Shock Mounts :
To reduce unwanted vibrations, a shock mount is a good option if you're recording vocals.
Tripod Boom :
If you need to adjust the height of your microphone, a microphone boom is a great tool. This is standard for recording instruments.
Tripod Stand :
This is a good choice for general use or if you plan to record vocals standing up.
Desk :
These stands are the norm for recording podcasts, as they position the microphone at a comfortable height when the speaker is seated at a desk.
Above :
This is the most expensive type of support. It gives a range of positions and is most commonly used in recording studios.
- Durability
Due to the delicate design and thin diaphragm, condenser microphones tend to be quite fragile. Moisture (often saliva) inside the microphone can cause serious damage, as well as a bad drop. However, if treated properly and stored safely, a condenser microphone has no real life expectancy and should last for years.
FAQ
Que. What kind of microphone do I need to record multiple voices?
Ans. Bidirectional microphones are designed to pick up sound from both the front and the rear, making them a good choice for recording two voices. Otherwise, your best option is to have multiple microphones, one for each voice.
Que. How should I store my microphone when it is not in use?
Ans. If the microphone is in a safe place, away from small children or animals, it can be left outside, but a dust cover will prevent particles from collecting inside the microphone. If you don't plan on using your microphone for a long time, you should store it in a hard case if you have one.
Que. Can condenser microphones be used on stage or during a performance?
Ans. Not without picking up a lot of extra sound (like the crowd). If you're on stage, a dynamic microphone is the best option because it blocks out extra noise. Also, dynamic mics are typically more durable than condenser mics and are better built for life on the road.